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Arles #4
2007.09.18
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the cloister
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the cloister
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the rupestral necropolis
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the rupestral necropolis
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the rupestral necropolis
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the rupestral necropolis
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Dominant la plaine au nord-est d’Arles, l’abbaye de Saint-Pierre fut fondée par des moines bénédictins sur le « Mont Majour » (la grande montagne) en 948. Ceux-ci édifièrent deux ensembles monastiques.
Le premier d’entre-eux, le monastère de Saint-Pierre, a été bâti du 10e au 15e siècle. Nombre de ses bâtiments subsistent encore. L’ermitage Saint-Pierre, des 10e et 11e siècles, a été en partie aménagé dans le rocher sud. Ses chapiteaux se rattachent au style du premier âge roman. La nécropole rupestre fut aménagée au sommet de la colline et autour de la chapelle funéraire Sainte-Croix, du 12e siècle. La crypte est une véritable église basse. Son plan, unique en Provence, comprend en particulier une rotonde, un déambulatoire et des chapelles rayonnantes. Cette crypte supporte l’église haute ou abbatiale. Coeur de la vie monastique, cette abbatiale dédiée à Notre-Dame est caractéristique des édifices romans du milieu du 12e siècle. Le cloître, restauré en 1872, dessert les bâtiments conventuels : salle capitulaire, réfectoire, cellier, bibliothèque, cuisines... Ses chapiteaux portent de remarquables représentations d’animaux fantastiques, mais aussi de figures humaines et de végétaux. La tour Pons de l’Orme surplombe ce premier ensemble : parvenu à son sommet, on peut découvrir un panorama qui embrasse Arles, Tarascon, la Crau et les Alpilles.
Le second ensemble est constitué par le monastère Saint-Maur, construit de 1703 à 1736 sur les plans de l’architecte avignonnais Pierre Mignard. Il devint le lieu de vie de la communauté bénédictine réformée de Saint-Maur, installée à Montmajour en 1639.
Above the plain to the northeast of Arles, the Saint-Peter abbey was founded on the "Mount Majour" (the big mountain) in 948. Until 1790, Benedictine monks lived there according to the rules of Saint Benedict of Nurcie.
They built two series of monastic buildings. From the first series (St. Peter monastery, built between the 10th and 15th centuries), St. Peter hermitage is still to be seen (10th and 11th centuries). It was partly built in the southern rock and the capitals were built during the first Romanesque Age. On top of the hill, the rupestral necropolis was built around the Sainte Croix feretory (12th century). This feretory is a real treasure from the past as far as architecture is concerned. The crypt is the only building of its kind in Provence and it is a genuine lower church. It has a rotunda, an ambulatory and radiating chapels. Marks left by the stonecutters are apparent on the vaults. The crypt supports the upper church (also called abbey church), the heart of monastic life. Abbey churches are characteristic of the Romanesque buildings from the middle of the 12th century.
Next to this place of worship dedicated to Our Lady (Notre Dame), the cloister restored in 1872 leads to the convent buildings: the chapter house, refectory, cellar, library, kitchen... The ornaments of imaginary animals, secular faces, plants and human faces is remarkable. The Pons de l’Orme tower stands above this first group of buildings. There is a very nice view from the top of the tower on Arles, Tarascon, la Crau and the Alpilles.
The Saint-Maur monastery (2nd series of buildings) was built in the 18th century (between 1703 and 1736) under the instructions of the architect from Avignon Pierre Mignard. The reformed Benedictine community that had settled in Montmajour in 1639 lived there.
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Comments
I like the view from above. Very cool to see the outlines of the buildings like that.