oceanflynn's PhotoBlog

Synapses: Metaphor for Web 2.0

2009-09-03T09:19:42Z

Using hand-drawn sketches and Adobe Photoshop Creative Suite I began developing a heavily layered image, combining metaphor with media, as a catalyst for mapping memory. Over time I have integrated images from art history as well as leading edge macro (galactical activities) and micro (synapse molecular activity). The layers change depending on what I am learning at the time through print and/or electronic media.

Charles Leigh's Naval Career in the British Royal Navy

2008-09-17T12:25:34Z

Charles Leigh's Naval Career in the British Royal Navy (compiled by John Edward (Leigh) Flynn) 1805 H.M.S. Victory Admiral Nelson's flagship led the British Fleet to victory over Napoleon's Fleet at the Battle of Trafalgar. Charles Leigh born 1838 1853 Charles Leigh received graduating medal from: Greenwich Hospital, Nautical School for Nautical Science and Good Conduct 1853 H.M.S. Victory mate/master's assistant 1853-1855 H.M.S. Odin mate/master's assistant 1855-1856 H.M.S. Odin mate/Assistant Clerk promoted in Shanghai, China) 1856 H.M.S. Victory mate/Clerk 1857 James Ellis Peake (senior) with his wife and children return to England to P.E.I. 1856-1859 H.M.S. Cruizer mate/Clerk 1860 Honourable James Peake died at East Stonehouse, County of Devon, England 1861 H.M.S. Victory Sub-Lieutenant /Assistant Paymaster 1861 H.M.S. Formidable Sub-Lieutenant /Assistant Paymaster 1861-1865 H.M.S. Griffon Lieutenant /Assistant Paymaster (promoted in 1863) 1865 H.M.S. Formidable Lieutenant /Assistant Paymaster 1865 H.M.S. Royal Adelaide Lieutenant /Assistant Paymaster 1865-1866 H.M.S. Indus Lieutenant /Paymaster (promoted) 1867 Charles Leigh married Fanny Peake at Peake's Stonehouse, Devon Plymouth, England 1868 Fanny Alice Leigh is born 1868 H.M.S. Bristol Lieutenant Commander /Paymaster 1869 Charles (Tom) Leigh is born (Lt. Col.) 1870 Lillie Leigh is born 1870-1871 H.M.S. Wolverine Lieutenant Commander /Paymaster 1871-1872 H.M.S. Forte Lieutenant Commander /Paymaster 1872 Bessie Peake Leigh is born 1872 H.M.S. Pembroke Lieutenant Commander /Paymaster 1872 Retired at 38 years-old to in-active list. Remained available in emergency or war until 1902. Retained his position on the Seniority List for promotion. 1873 Bank Manager of London and South Western Bank 1874 Albert Edward Leigh my grandfather, Fanny (Leigh) Flynn's father was born 1877 Philip James Leigh is born 1878 Charles, Fanny and their children leave England for 50 Water Street, Charlottetown, P.E.I. 1886 Charles Leigh received by seniority the title Commander/Fleet Paymaster R.N.

Transcript of interview with Fanny Elizabeth Stewart-Leigh-Flynn (born January 8, 1916 died in Charlottetown on June 1997)

2007-01-11T16:52:43Z

Transcript of interview with Fanny Elizabeth Stewart-Leigh-Flynn (born January 8, 1916 died in Charlottetown on June 1997) Photo of Fanny Elizabeth Leigh-Flynn and Stewart Leigh taken on Prince Edward Island ferry In process: December 1990: Transcript of interview with Fanny Elizabeth Stewart-Leigh-Flynn (born January 8, 1916 died in Charlottetown on June 1997), interviewed by Maureen Leigh-Flynn-Burhoe (born in Charlottetown on March 18, 1949). The transcript was corrected later by my mother Fanny E. Flynn but a number of these corrections are no longer visible. I have used [] for my own additions or questions. Mother was Jean Ellis Stewart (b.2 April 1876 – died 1950s in Charlottetown) and her mother was Sarah Elizabeth Axtel (b. 1839) [Sarah Axtel-MacLennan-Stewart]. Her grandmother was a Fitzpatrick from Ireland. I don’t know where Axtel came from but they lived in Newfoundland. She Sarah, was born in 1839 and the beginning of the story was at a time when her father used to take sailing ships down to South America . . . Her own mother and whatever family . . . there was some family, perhaps sisters . . . they died and she at sixteen [1855] . . . he couldn’t very well leave her . . . so he took her on his ship and they sailed to Brazil. She was supposed to have been a very nice looking girl. Since he owned the ship they would be in different kinds of entertainment . . . When they were being entertained she met this man, [John] MacLennan.[John b. c. 1829 or earlier?] He was a deep sea diver. He was comfortably off and he was living down there. His original home, his father was the first minister of the Presbyterian Church in Belfast, Prince Edward Island and the rest of the family were living in Prince Edward Island. So she met him and they fell in love. The father seeing this happening decided he was going to sail before the regular sailing date. He was kind of nervous about it. However John MacLennan got word from somebody else on the boat that her father was going to do this. And he got her off the boat in a rowboat and whisked her away and they were married. The father sailed back for Newfoundland and he died on the way. I don’t know if her father was buried at sea or what. John MacLennan had very good friends called the Cejames, Spanish isn’t it? [did she mean Portuguese?]. They had slaves . . . a plantation . All I know is they were well off people. They had their own chapel. So MacLennan and his young bride Sarah lived with them. They had two daughters, Lulu (Louise) and Francesca Cejames [?] I would almost think the oldest girl would be around six when they left Brazil. While they were there the little ones used to often run up and take the little statues can called them her baby Jesus and she’d play with them. According to Mum it became too warm down there and it was decided that Sarah would come to Prince Edward Island to stay with his sisters with her two children and then he would follow some time later. He was supposed to have been a man who drank quite a bit. He was supposed to have been a nice looking man but . . . So she came up [to Canada, to Charlottetown]. Now at the time they had the slaves down there. Now I believe she came to Halifax and then to Charlottetown harbour. The slave was sent up with her. His name was Varismo. When they got off the boat there was no one to meet them and they came up to [Upper] Prince Street [237 King Street ?] to MacLennan’s in something like a milk cart or something like that. And it was quite a sensational thing because there was this black man dressed in pure white carrying these little girls. But of course he couldn’t stay here so he went back. The last Sarah heard of him was he stopped in New York where he met a girl and married. She spoke English but the father John MacLennan had seven languages. Sarah only spoke English but that wouldn’t be a problem. Their own language would be Spanish [or Portuguese?] So anyway she and the children lived in the house up on Upper Prince Street right across from Rogers next to the Baptist Church. [I believe the Prince Street School was adjoined with the Baptist Church which was on the site where the Salvation Army is now located on Walthen Drive. The Baptist Church was there since 1836. It’s steeply was quite high therefore visible. It burnt in the 19th century.]The fretwork is all little animals. [The house on Upper Prince Street . . . (That)] was built for the widow of the late John MacLennan [Senior] , minister of the Belfast Church. He died and was buried down there. When he died his wife came to town. It would be quite reasonable that this John MacLennan ─ who had quite a bit of money ─ could very well have done a lot of the building, paying for a lot of the building of that property. [This is a photo of the St. John’s Presbyterian Church, Belfast ] It wasn’t a nice place to go. There were two of them and she’d only be in her early twenties and a nice looking person. Different people would come to take her out in their carriage. A judge who knew John MacLennan, he came to take her out. And someone else came to take her out. So the sisters would write back to John MacLennan making it sound as though she was picking up with people. And the other story they sent down was that she was bringing up the children in the Catholic Church. Because when their maid asked to take the children to mass with her . . . and Grandma Stewart [Sarah Axtel-MacLennan-Stewart] said, “Of course.” The poor maid came home before the service was over terribly embarrassed because this little Fanny had run up to the altar in the Catholic Church here and you just didn’t do that! She had wanted to play with the baby Jesus. So John McLennan came up about a year later and he landed in Halifax. They had the cobble streets there. I think it was Hollis Street. He was riding a horse that began to run away. He was a man who had a very bad temper. He held unto the reins but was pulled off the horse and was killed on the cobble stones. So when the will was read, he made the will so that if she ever married, everything would go to the two children. And this is the part that strikes me . . . What a mother would do . . . But in stories you often hear of it. She turned around and married anyway. She married my grandfather Norman Stewart. And if you notice there was quite a difference in their ages. She was born in 1839 and he was born in 1850 something. So he [Norman Stewart] was a young man who came from the country to live down here [in Charlottetown]. He apparently had a little bit [of money] because he put money in a ship --- not to go himself. I’m kind of wondering if it was in the Fanny, that ship that was lost . . . that he put his money in to sail around. And I don’t know just what they would bring back but it was going to . . . you know, he’d be making money. It was the first thing he did to make money and the ship went down and everything was gone. So she really ended up that she was kind of poor. And the two girls were left with their aunts [on Upper Prince Street?]. And they grew up and one of them married a Mr. Moore. I think he was from Saint John, New Brunswick. And Lulu [Louise] married Dr. Tom Robbins. He was a dentist. They lived on King Street but not in the same house. Both of them began to drink. She was supposed to have had one child and she didn’t take care of the baby and it died. And Grandma Stewart [Sarah Axtel-MacLennan-Stewart] used to send her second husband, Norman Stewart, up to take care of them and do things for them and all that. [Dr.]Tom Robbins died too. Grandma Stewart [Sarah Axtel-MacLennan-Stewart] used to send soup up. Lulu’s aunts didn’t pay any attention because once she started the drinking . . . She still had her money and she’d given him . . . Now Francesca Cejames married Mr. Moore and they lived somewhere around Saint John. But Lulu was it. [. . .] Why I’m speaking of the toaster . . . You see this is all disjointed because you came to me too fast [laughing]. But the reason I’m talking about the toaster is long after we took it to Moncton and she loved it. When we moved back to Charlottetown in 1930 or 1931 Dad knew some people who weren't very well off. What he did he do but he bought Mum a new toaster thinking it would be a lovely thing and since she had a new toaster he whisked the old toaster away and gave it to these people. Mum said she would rather he would give my new toaster and Mum was always sorry about that [laughing]. God love him he didn't live much longer after that. How we knew that he did have some mortgages . . . but he was quite a man, for if they were poor and couldn't pay the interest . . . these mortgages would be mortgages he held from before he married Mum. He and Stewart went out for a drive and I don't know where it was but Hunter (?) River way and they went to this house and the people were so kind and good to Stewart and Dad. Stewart kind of wondered why they were making such a fuss. But the old lady said to Stewart, We'll never forget your father. When we couldn't pay the interest, he just said, We'll close the mortgage. Consider it paid.' and he gave them the mortgage to burn. Now we don't know how many properties he had (mortgages). He didn't own any properties that we know of. But that was his problem that he was too generous. So the money that was left to him . . . Now when Grandma Peake . . . when she was in the heyday of her money, the interest on her money was $5000 a year. In their home they had the Nanny to look after the older two and the Nanny to look after the younger two, a man to look after the horses, etc. At that time $5000 a year would do a lot. When she died the interest was down to $800. You can tell from that will there wasn't a great deal. Some got $1500. With Dad --- I think she kind of liked Dad which was easy to do because Dad was a much nicer person than Uncle Tom or Alice or Alice's husband. So then we went to Dartmouth and then we came back here to Charlottetown. Dad died in 1936. I married in 1946 and my brother Stewart never married. A couple of gifts that Grandfather Leigh when he was in the navy brought home to his wife Fanny Peake: one was a jewel box. It had a kind of a hidden place. That jewel box was CL to FL and I think that the year was 1867. When grandmother died it apparently ended up with Fanny Alice, Dad's oldest sister who married Beer [Hubert Beer]. They were moving out to California in the 1920s. They had a sale. They lived on Longworth Avenue. They put out the jewel box and also a very nice Japanese box on the their grounds and they were having a sale. They were amongst a jumble of things. Uncle Tom, Dad's brother, saw them and said, "You're not selling my mother's jewel box and he put it under his arm. Now he had already been given as the oldest son all the epelets and all the cocked hat with the feathers in it, the naval stuff. Naturally it went to the oldest son. He took it to his own home on Kent Street. We never had any . . . Passmore. They just went on living like everyone else. My mother was more outgoing than Aunt Bess. Aunt Bess was supposed to be a very beautiful person. As a matter of fact, Mum remembers one time a lady coming to visit when the kids were just young and she came in and she looked at the two of them and said, "Oh my! Bessie is such a beautiful child but that one isn't too much to look at." Mum said she hated [that woman] her ever since, even when Mum grew up. But any way she was more outgoing than . . . But Grandma Stewart — from the way Mum spoke — she wasn't outwardly saying that she sat around — but Mum always seemed to be doing . . . She'd be setting the bread and she'd be doing all the . . . and it almost seemed as if her mother sat around as a lady almost. She used to go out to the . . . They used to play cards . . . with . . . there was a Mrs. Seaman, the Principal of the school, Prince Street School. She went to houses like that and played cards. But it always seemed to me that Mum did most of the housework and was home all the time. On her own she took music lessons. Mum did . . . And they had this old kind of a piano and on her own she decided that she was going to [buy another one]. There were two pianos that came to the Island and they had what they call a mandolin attachment and Aunt Lulu bought one and Mum was going to buy the other one. It was a very expensive one. I believe in my heart it was $400 but I'm not certain. Really it was an expensive thing. So anyway she signed a paper that she would buy this. Grandfather Stewart . . . The shawl had nothing to do with the Leigh's or the Peake's. The shawl belonged to Sarah Elizabeth who was married first to MacLennan and later to Stewart. The shawl was given . . . She wore it when she got off the boat in Charlottetown . . . a beautiful made by the natives in Brazil. It would be a very costly one and the very long fringe. It was all covered in handwork and you couldn't tell the back from the front. The finish was so beautiful. But anyway it was given to mother. My brother and I were christened in it and all my children were christened in it. I have given that to my oldest daughter and she mentioned how it has gone from oldest daughter to oldest daughter and she only has one daughter Nathalie so possibly it will go to her. Leigh (1838-1902) - Peake (1846-1910) married 1867 Bessie Beer and I have been working together on this and she has gone to Beaconsfield to . . . [get some of this.] Charles Edward Leigh RN: this collection comprises some naval papers (personal), personal accounts and letters from this sister Millie and others. Of the Fleet Paymaster Charles Leigh RN. Born in 1838 in Barking, London. Entered the Royal Navy in 1853 and retired to civilian life in 1873 after twenty years service. He accepted the position as Manager of the Plymouth-Devon branch of the London and Southwestern Bank which he held until immigrating to Canada in 1878 where they lived in the Peake House, 50 Water Street then Belview, 27 Fitzroy Street now the Stamper Residence. This was written in 1987. He also lost all his money because he wasn't a good businessman. He was good in the navy but he wasn't a good business man. He put his money into slate and lost it all. So from then on he was pretty well living on his wife's income which was very high. This of course was at the time of Queen Victoria. The jewelry box and the box from Japan — well, I expect it was from Japan — that would be bought as presents for his wife because he was still . . . In 1867 he married Fanny Peake in Plymouth. Their children were Fanny Alice born 1868. She died in 1951[?]. Dad always used to say that Fanny Alice started having a heart condition when she was seventeen and actually she didn't die until 1954 so she outlived everyone of them. She took very good care of herself; Charles whom we call Tom, born 1869; Bessie Peake 1872 (whose actual christened name wasn't Bessie Peake but Bessie Pig [since] Grandfather Peake was a very bad-tempered man. At the christening the minister, who was deaf, couldn't get the name Peake. He thought they were giving the name . . . She wasn't Elizabeth, it was Bessie. And the old minister repeated incredulously, 'Bessie Pig Leigh?' and my grandfather corrected and said, 'Bessie Peake Leigh.' And the minister again repeated, 'Bessie Pig Leigh?' And the grandfather who was bad-tempered said, Yes! Bessie Pig Leigh!' [laughing]. They always called her, 'Pig.' just for badness. Of course on the papers it was written correctly. We don't know when she died. And there was Albert Edward. That was my father (1874-1936); and James (1877-1882). Dad called his son Charles too. My uncle Charles was known as Tom to avoid confusion with his father Charles. From 1878 they lived in Charlottetown where Fanny Peake was born in 1846. So apparently they went back to England. Of course, their father was in the business anyway. And during this period the series of letters were written by his sister Millie, trying to locate the missing documents required to establish claim to monies which may have been due to them. Charles Leigh died in 1902 and Fanny Peake-Leigh died in 1910. Fanny Peake was the younger sister of James Peake who built Beaconsfield. Beaconsfield is a beautiful home almost across from Government House. James Peake was the brother of Fanny. The son of the original James Peake (1797-1860) built Beaconsfield. When the Prince of Wales came over here to visit he was supposed to have been entertained and stay with the Governor at the Governor's House. That was what was expected [and this is just hearsay] the Governor of the time was inclined to be mean and he pushed it off on. . . (because it cost quite a bit to entertain royalty) Beaconsfield . So James Peake had to entertain the . . .

DRAFT: Fanny Elizabeth (Peake) Leigh’s (1913/01/09-1997/06/07) Family history

2006-12-30T10:34:03Z

An Anotated Genealogy of Fanny Elizabeth (Peake) Leigh’s (1913/01/09-1997/06/07) m. John Matthew Flynn DRAFT: I am gradually clarifying webliographic references. See selected webliography below. December 30, 2006. Please check back later to see if an error or omission you noted was still inaccurate. The ship the Fanny was named after Fanny Elizabeth (Peake) Leigh’s maternal grandmother, Fanny Peake Leigh. Source: "Peake’s or Noah’s Ark: A relic of the past was the hull of an old vessel named the Castalia (nicknamed Noah's Ark) built and owned by Mr. Peake, senior, the founder of the firm of Peake Bros.& co., in 1835. Not proving a success as a sea-going vessel, the Castalia was hauled up and placed on the bank of the river west of Peakes' wharf. It was quite a prominent object in my younger days and was placed as described long before I was born and not dismantled until sometime in the seventies. It is stated in the P.E.I. Magazine, that in the spring of 1840 a bazaar was held in the Castalia's upper deck, under the auspices of the "Ladies Benevolent Society" of the Town, and under the supervision of Lady Mary, wife of His Excellency, Sir Charles Fitzroy, Lieutenant Governor. Lady Fitzroy is also credited with having started the first bazaar in Charlottetown in 1838. This by the way. A roof having been built on the condemned craft, the interior was used as a sail and rigging loft, and served also as a home for an old sailor in the employ of Mr. Peake. The vessel was rather a picturesque object and was a species of wonderment to visitors who happened to be in its vicinity. It might possibly cause one to think of Nelson's flagship, the "Victory", of immortal fame, but not having the latter's martial appearance. The Castalia would probably more nearly resemble the "Shiplooking thing," so alluded to by young David Copperfield, in Dickens novel of that name - the residence of the "Peggoty" family. Several such dismantled vessels were to be seen some years ago in England, similarly re - modeled and known as "Bethels," where religious services were held for the benefit of sailors whose ships were in the docks adjacent. The approach to the interior of the ship was by steps in the form of a ladder leading to a door in the side of the vessel and in this "Ark" as it was sometimes called, dwelt Alex. Sorrall, (I am not sure of the spelling of the name) a semi-retired mariner, who worked among the ropes and rigging, using the place as his home, and doing his own cooking and chores. The dwelling smelt of tar and the sea, but was scrupulously clean. "Old Alec" as he was generally known, spent his Sunday in works of good will and dressed in his best clothes, would emerge from the ark, and often visit the old Methodist Sunday School, where I have seen him going about among the scholars, and in the bible classes distributing tracts. He was always a welcome visitor and was affectionately remembered after he passed to his reward. Among the objects seen in the cut of the water front will be observed the celebrated "Castalia." This picture was drawn by the late Mr. George Hubbard in 1849. He was also the artist of the original pictures of the water front, showing the site of the old Barrack Square, Pownal and Lord's Wharfs, etc., also Queen Square in the forties, cuts of all which may by seen in appropriate places in this booklet---all painted in 1849. The originals of the pictures just mentioned are to be seen on the walls of the Protestant Orphanage at Mount Herbert, being part of a bequest to that institution by the late Mr. R.K. Brace. Mr. Hubbard has been particularly mentioned in the sketch of the "Infant School." Not many now living will remember the name of the block which is bounded by Prince, Euston, Great George and Fitzroy Streets. For more see Bremner (1864) Source 1597 [I am not sure if he is linked to Charles Leigh RN Fanny Elizabeth (Peake) Leigh's grandfather.] Charles Leigh, one of the owners of the ships kept a record of his early voyages to Cape Breton Island and the Magdalen Islands. The Hopewell, 120 tons, and the Chance Well, 70 tons, left Gravesend, on the 8th of April, 1597. Prior to 1713, Louisbourg was called the English port or English Harbour. The earliest reference to this name is the log of the Hopewell, Charles Leigh, Master, which visited Cape Breton and sailed into this harbour on 7 July 1597. Sources: NewBrunswick fortress.uccb.ns This source seems to have historical inaccuracies. This reference (Barkham 2004) includes more detailed information about Leigh’s voyages. This reference includes an extract from "The 1597 voyage of Master Charles Leigh, and divers others to Cape Breton and the Isle of Ramea" Published in Richard Hakluyt, The Principal Navigations of the English Nation (London: George Bishop and Ralph Newberie, 1600). Reprinted in Richard Hakluyt, Voyages, vol. 6 (New York: Dutton, 1907) 100-114, see 101. Revised by P.E. Pope. See also Religion, Society, and Culture in Newfoundland Labrador Pages (1999-2006) by Hans Rollmann, PhD at MUN http://www.mun.ca/rels/ang/texts/ang1.html “It is possible that Charles Leigh(71) and Stephen van Harwick, captains of the "Hopewell" and "Chancewell" that took these early London Congregationalists to British North America, had Separatist ties themselves, and the intended stay at the Magdalen Islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence was in preparation not only for a subsequent colonization by the exiled London Congregationalists in Holland but also a defence of British mercantile interest in the region and may have been sponsored by walrus fishing interests. The "Chancewell" with George Johnson and John Clarke on board was shipwrecked near Cape Breton and subsequently plundered by Basque fishermen but eventually found by accident by the sister ship the "Hopewell" upon its return from the Magdalen Islands. After some retaliatory raids against Basques on the Avalon peninsula, the "Hopewell" returned to England with the Separatists who eventually rejoined the exiles in Holland without ever returning again to the Magdalen Islands or Newfoundland. There is also reference to Charles Leigh here: 1765 Prince Edward Island's capital was designated. Charlotte Town was named in honour of Queen Charlotte, wife of George III of England. In 1768 and in accordance with Captain Holland’s wishes, Charles Morris of Nova Scotia began laying out the streets of Charlotte Town. Thomas Wright, a surveyor, expanding upon Mr. Morris’s plan, created a layout of the town with 500 lots (84’ x 120’ each), streets 100’ wide stretching from the water and streets 80’ wide crossing at right angles, a central square for public buildings and four large green “squares”. Later alterations allowed an encroachment of 40 feet on the east-west streets, creating lots 84’ x 160’, the elimination of some streets, and a few lot consolidations. On the non-water sides of the town, there was a 565-acre buffer of land called a common reserved for future expansion of the town. Adjacent to the common was included another 12, one-acre fields of pastureland. Many changes have occurred over the years, but the basic 500 lots can still be defined and the 4 green squares are still in existence." CharlottetownCity History 1784 From the Old Protestant Burying Grounds Website: "John Brecken - a United Empire Loyalist, arrived here from Sherbourne in 1784 with his wife, Ann, who died at the age of 82 in 1811. John became a merchant in Charlottetown and owned a business, John Brecken and Company. He was elected to the House of Assembly in 1785. Prior to 1826, he left his business to his grandsons, and he sailed for England, where he died. His grandson, Ralph, was a merchant and exporter; he was elected to the House of Assembly and became Speaker of the House in 1812. He was a Lieutenant in the Militia, and a Justice of the Peace. He became a leading spokesman for the tenantry in the Assembly. His bride was Matilda Robinson, a daughter of Lt. Col. Joseph Robinson. Ralph died in 1813, and Matilda in 1842, age 65. It was one of Ralph's sons-in-law who established the Macdonald Consolidated School in Mt. Herbert." James Ellis Peake, (1797-1860) married Barbara, a daughter of Ralph Brecken (d.1813) and Mathilda Robinson (d.1842, age 65). 1797 James Ellis Peake, (1797-1860) was born in Plymouth, England. By the mid 18th century Plymouth had a population of about 4,000. The dockyard dominated industry in Plymouth in the 18th century but there was also considerable wool weaving industry and a leather industry. There was also a brewing industry and fishing remained important. The building trades were also kept busy as many new buildings were erected. Plymouth continued to be a major port. Plymouth continued to trade with the West Indies and the American colonies and also traded with the Mediterranean. There was also a considerable coastal trade. Grain and coal were brought by sea from other parts of Britain into Plymouth and tin was taken away. http://www.localhistories.org/plymouth.html 1810 Vessels cleared since our last: ship Fanny - Barbadoes; brigs Hibernia, Nicol - W. Indies; Acadian, Craig - W. Indies; Shannon, M'Herron - Burin; Heart of Oak, Reed - Jamaica; schrs Ann, Dysart - Jamaica; Sarah-Jane, M'Kenna - N.F.; Blanche, Squires - Nassau, N.P.; Robert, Anderson - Philadelphia; sloop Eclipse, Cunard - Antigua. http://www.immigrantships.net/newsarticles/1810_3.html From SHIP NEWS - Port of Halifax Aug 2, 1817 1815 The end of the war with France in 1815 was disastrous for Plymouth as many men were laid off from the dockyard. However Plymouth eventually recovered. http://www.localhistories.org/plymouth.html 1819 The Brig the Fanny listed here: http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/Arrivals/novascotia.htm 1823 “James Ellis Peake, (1797-1860) who emigrated from Plymouth, England to Charlottetown in 1823, was a merchant and shipowner of Prince Edward Island. He married Barbara, a daughter of Ralph Brecken and Mathilda Robinson. In 1841, he sat on the Executive Council with John Brecken and Thomas Heath Haviland, the colonial secretary who had married another daughter of the Breckens. At this time, James Peake was the major shipbuilder in the colony. Peake may have begun his own firm in the year following his arrival in Prince Edward Island. After 1824, he also appears to have been associated with the Brecken firm. In 1825, he purchased his first sailing vessel, one of 152 vessels which he would own over the next thirty-five years. These vessels were usually in the North Atlantic trade, mainly between Prince Edward Island or a New Brunswick timber port, and either Liverpool or Plymouth. Peake's vessels were also involved in the coastal trade, carrying out island produce and picking up timber cargoes for transatlantic voyages. These investments marked him as one of the largest owners of shipping in eastern Canada during the first half of the nineteenth century. Peake was also engaged in other activities which were related to his maritime interests. Peake owned several stores at which he sold the goods which he imported on his own vessels. He also acted as a broker for marine insurance, and operated a ship chandlery and outfitting business. Additionally, he dabbled in other mercantile activities until his death In 1856, Peake had become ill and returned to England where he died, May 4, 1860. Sources: Lewis R. Fischer, "An engine yet moderate": James Peake, entrepreneurial behaviour and the shipping industry of Nineteenth Century Prince Edward Island, The Enterprising Canadians, Maritime History Group, 1979 The James Peake papers, 1835-1866 (2 reels of microfilm) include selections from the Peake papers, consisting of letterbooks, 1835-1837 and 1845-1850, and outgoing and in-coming correspondence for 1841-1866. Public Archives of Prince Edward Island. Mic.1-2-4-11/12, Maritime History Archive finding aid 74. http://www.mun.ca/mha/holdings/findingaids/maritime.php#Peake 1828- 1856-57 25-27 Queen St. Source: “James Peake, shipbuilder, merchant, banker and Assemblyman, did business in this wooden building on the corner of Queen and Water Streets from 1828 until 1856-57 when he built in brick on the same site. The building was constructed in three divisions or apartments, as they were called, two of which housed stores and the third was occupied by the Bank of Prince Edward Island, the only bank in the province at that time.”Source: http://www.peisland.com/virtualtour3/v-tour25.htm A beautiful walnut secretary with glazed (original glass) doors, carved pulls, drop front with pigeon holes, one drawer over two doors. The shelving is adjustable. This piece originally came from the "James Peake" house in Charlottetown, PEI was sold on the internet. Source. 1830 Newspaper accounts describe the misfortunes of ships owned by James Peake in 1830: (5/25/1830) A ship called the James left Plymouth, G. Britain heading to P.E.I. “4 Passengers - lost mast, 1 soul. See ad from Royal Devonport Telegraph in (The Island Magazine, #40, "English Immigration to P.E.I.", Elliott, Pg. 11) - also - P.E.I. Register, June 1 1830: "In the James, Peake, from Plymouth: Mr John T. Thomas, Miss Moyer, and 2 in steerage." also "The James, Peake, and Mary Jane, Pile, both from Plymouth arrived on Thursday, May 27; the former with loss of her main-top mast, and the latter with the loss of both top-masts. The weather they experienced was boisterous in the extreme. The James lost a man who was on the mast when it was carried away." As if this wasn't enough, the next report of the vessel was... PEI Register 3 Aug., 1830: The James, Peake, from hence, for Plymouth, was lost on the 10th July, on the Island of Little Miquelon, on the Newfoundland coast, having gone on shore in a thick fog, with the wind blowing strong at S.E. The passengers, 16 in number, and the crew were safely landed, with their baggage and have since arrived at St. Pierre's[CG]” 1830 (07/06/1830) James - P.E.I. - Plymouth, G. Britain - PEI Register 6 July, 1830: "CLEARED. brig James, Capt. Peake, for Plymouth." [GC] 1830 (05/27/1830) The ship called the Mary Jane left Plymouth, G. Britain for P.E.I. “Owned by the Peake Family, 6 Passengers. - P.E.I. Register, June 1, 1830: "In the Mary Jane from Plymouth...6 in steerage." also "The James, Peake, and Mary Jane, Pile, both from Plymouth arrived on Thursday, May 27; the former with loss of her main-top mast, and the latter with the loss of both top-masts. The weather they experienced was boisterous in the extreme. The James lost a man who was on the mast when it was carried away." [CG]” 1830 (06/22/1830) Mary Jane - P.E.I. - Plymouth, G. Britain - PEI Register 22 June, 1830: "CLEARED. brig Mary Jane, Capt. Pile, for Plymouth" [GC] 1830 (09/21/1830) Mary Jane – From Plymouth, G. Britain to P.E.I. Owned by the Peake Family - Royal Gazette 21 Sep., 1830: "ENTERED. brig Mary Jane, Capt. Pile, from Plymouth." 1830 (10/05/1830) Mary Jane From P.E.I. to Plymouth, G. Britain Royal Gazette 5 Oct., 1830: "CLEARED. brig Mary Jane, Capt. Pile, for Plymouth, with lumber." [GC] 1831 (04/19/1831) Mary Jane From Plymouth, G. Britain to P.E.I. Owned by the Peake Family. 1831 (09/02/1831) Mary Jane from Plymouth, G. Britain to P.E.I. Owned by the Peake Family. 1830 (08/10/1830) Henrietta - P.E.I. - Plymouth, G. Britain - PEI Register 10 Aug., 1830: "CLEARED. schooner Henrietta, Capt. Peake, for Plymouth." [CG] 1831 (09/19/1831) Royal William [Barque] from Plymouth, G. Britain to P.E.I. The barque Royal 1831 William, Capt Peake, arrived at Charlottetown 19 Sep., 1831 from Plymouth with goods to J. Peake, passengers Mr. & Mrs. Merry [GC] 1831 (10/28/1831) Royal William from P.E.I. to Plymouth, G. Britain RG 9 Collector of Customs Shipping Outward: "28 Oct., 1831 - "Royal William" Capt. Thos. Peake, for Plymouth" [GC] Was this James Ellis Peake’s brother Thomas? 1835-36 Source Source 2 The Honourable James Ellis Peake built this elegant brick house in 1835-36 near his stores and wharves and with a view of the harbour where his ships came in. Built of Island bricks laid in Flemish bond (a length of brick next to an end of brick alternately in each row) on the facade, it is a symmetrical building topped at a later date with a rounded dormer. An attractive fanlight and a door with fine trim lead from an inside vestibule to a center hall. The Peake family operated an extensive shipbuilding trade between Plymouth, England, and Prince Edward Island, and James Peake the elder was one of the most influential men in the early colony. James Ellis Peake and Barbara Brecken had James Peake Jr. (1842-1895), Ralph Peake, Fanny Peake. Fanny married Charles Leigh RN. In 1878 Major Charles Leigh and Fanny Peake were passengers on one of Peake’s brigs called the Ethel Blanche which sailed from Plymouth to Charlottetown. Source Source 2 1839 "Compare the advantages of the merchant today with those of the sixth and part of the seventh decade of the last century. There was a fortnightly mail from England via Halifax. They had to buy sufficient goods in England in the month of September to meet the requirements of the public to the following May, when the regular trader would arrive. The stores were more in line of general stores; you could buy a yard of cotton or a pound of tenpenny nails, a pair of stockings or a pint of molasses, a pair of boots or a ploughshare, and in many of them wines, whisky and rum were obtainable. In one advertisement of 1839, I noticed under the head of Groceries: 'Rum, Brandy, Gin, Wine, Confectionary, Tea, Sugar, Tobacco, prime Havana Segars, candles, Soap, Molasses, Lamp Oil, Digby Herrings, Allspice, Pickles, Pepper, etc. This is only one of a number of like advertisements. For more see Bremner, Benjamin (1864) Memories of Long Ago, “Honor to a P.E. Islander” The Examiner, December, 1864:5) Benjamin died in 1938. Source 1840-1895 Source The National Library of Canada (1997) has archival material on James Peake’s shipbuilding business, homes and haunts in connection with (Hunter, Andrew T. (2003) ) Peake's folly Source 1844-50 Source. The Great Western Docks were built in Plymouth. (They were designed by the great engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel). Plymouth continued to be an important commercial port. In the second half of the 19th century liners traveling to North America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand began calling in at Plymouth. The town became a departure point for emigrants. Source 1846 (06/12/1846) – Brazilian from Newfoundland. To P.E.I. The Islander, Jun 12 1846: "In the Brig Brazilian, from Nfld., Mr. William Longworth." [CG] I am looking for any trace of Sarah Mclelland sp? The daughter of the Newfoundland ship’s captain who made regular trips to Brazil in the 19th century. She married My gggrandfather on my mother’s side? Leigh or Stewart? Sarah had two daughters, Fanny and ? who were brought up on Prince Street? In the late 19th century by two maiden aunts, one of whom Lilian? Was a painter? There was a minister in this family? Source: http://www.islandregister.com/ship_data2.html Portugal set up a vast colonial and commercial empire (1415–1999), spanning from Brazil in the Americas to Macau in China. 1847 There is a listing of the brig the Fanny in Halifax arriving May 22 Brig Fanny Jolly 20 May Halifax Mattieson & Co., sugar. Source. 1847 Newspapers reported the famine and epidemics in Ireland: Increased Mortality.-"Monster graves," we regret to say, are to be found in other towns nearer the metropolis than Cork. The Kilkenny journals say, that no less than 15 of the deceased poor of the workhouse of that city were buried in one grave on Friday last. In the counties of Mayo and Galway, the deaths by fever amongst all classes, last week, were considerably more than during the same time with the year. From Killarney we learn the average number of deaths has fallen off from 30 to 9, and the sick list of the workhouse was on Monday but 323, the common average for months being 500. So far this is cheering, and speaks well for the exertions of the local gentry, who are nobly doing their duty. The Cork Reporter, speaking of the dreadful sufferings of the poor of that county, says:-- "an idea of the deaths from famine in this county may be formed from the statements of three roman Catholic clergymen, whose testimony we are able to adduce in this day's impression. The Rev. Mr. Mahoney says that in his parish of Coachford, the population of which is 6000, the average of deaths from famine is 50 [fold in paper with at least one line gone]...have fallen victims, to famine in Bantry alone; and the Right Rev. Dr. Walsh, bishop of Cloyne and Ross, states, on the authority of a parish priest of his diocease, that in one of his parishes, containing a population of 3700, the number of deaths for the last month was 280, and that 'in one of the sea-coast villages, which six months ago contained a population of 250 persons, there are now standing but three hovels, with about a dozen persons.' He adds, 'the other hamlets have been entirely depopulated.'" Source. 1800s: List of European ports 1849 “The Water Front: At the beginning of this series of "Memories", I endeavored to describe the objects that a stranger entering Charlottetown Harbour from the sea would be most likely to observe on passing the entrance of the harbour on arriving at the town waterfront. Since then I have been greatly helped by the aid of a picture by the late George Hubbard, executed in 1849, which I have had engraved and divided into two parts, shewing the buildings and structures, which would meet the eye of the visitor on the water-front in the forties, and some of which remain until this day. At the extreme left a portion of historic Government House appears, next the Powder Magazine on the Barrack Square with the flag flying, McLeod's cooper shop and dwelling. Pownal Wharf and near by the steam packet with H.M. mails for Pictou. On the Wharf is to be seen A.H.Yates Auction Sale of apples. Mr. Dalrymple, a prominent citizen leaning on a post on the wharf. At the approach to the wharf is Purdie's Warehouse, left, then Pownal Street. On the east division of the picture, beginning from the left is Pownal Wharf, following east is Lord's Wharf, at the approach to which is the store and warehouse of the firm of W. W. Lord & Company., later known as the Rankin House. Next east is "Paw's Store", then the dwelling of W. B. Dean and family, then the brick dwelling of the Peake family, said to be built by Judge Young, and now occupied by George Batt. In the forefront of the picture can be seen the "Castalia" referred to in the sketch of "Noah's Ark," and below the latter, the Brig "Fanny" that carried the Islanders (the "forty niners") to the California gold diggings. The extreme right of the picture shews the old Catholic Chapel described in the sketch entitled "St. Dunstan's Cathedral of Old".” 1840-1880 The heyday of Canadian shipbuilding was in the years 1840 to the early 1880s, when wooden sailing ships ruled the waves. These years meant great opportunities for the maritime provinces and Quebec since they had the natural advantage of plentiful forest resources and a close connection to the large shipping industry in the United Kingdom. In the peak shipbuilding years during the 1870s Canada produced 500 to 600 vessels per year, making her the fourth largest producer of ships in the world. By the late 1870s steel hulled ships propelled by steam engines were rapidly replacing the wooden sailing ships. Canada's timber was no longer required and our shipyards did not have easy access to steel resources (no steel was being produced in Canada) and had not adopted steel shipbuilding techniques. The industry quickly went into a severe decline. http://www.mi.mun.ca/mi-net/shiptech/shipbldg.htm#A%20BRIEF%20HISTORY%20OF%20SHIPBUILDING%20IN 1849 George Hubbard painting, 1849 showing James Peake residence (left) and “Peake’s Ark” (right). Source: PEI Museum and Heritage Foundation. Source: 1849 A group of men from best families of the province formed a company, and purchased a brig called the Fanny from James Ellis Peake. The ship was two hundred tons burden, jumper built, coppered and copper fastened. By the mid 19th century Islanders began to look to other lands and a number of migrations took place from this port, like the Fanny that sailed around Cape Horn to the California Gold Rush with forty Islanders in autumn of 1849 and the Pakeha who took three dozen settlers to New Zealand in December, 1863. By the late 1880’s the exodus to the United States had begun and the direct passenger lines from Charlottetown to Boston were well used. See also http://www.city.charlottetown.pe.ca/search/story_port.cfm 1849 on November 12, the Brig Fanny sailed from Charlottetown to California. The Ships Captain was A. Campbell Irving, Mate was William Smith; 2nd Mate: Frederick Compton; Directors' Names and occupations: Robert Percival (Wheelright); George Moore (Accountant); John Pidwell (Cordwainer); George Owen (Accountant); John Hawkins (Carpenter); Jabez Barnard (Builder); James Millner (Tin Smith); George Moore (Sec/Treasurer) Ships Company included: Artemas Davidson (Blacksmith); John Orr (shipwright); Douglas Davidson Do.; Malcolm M'Gougan (Seaman); Edward Love (Tanner); Peter M'Kinnon (Farmer); Christopher Smith (Joiner); John H. Gates Jr.(Saddler); Robert Boyle (Seaman); Lauchlin M'Clean (Clerk); James Connell (Plasterer); James Pope; (Ship Builder); Barnabas S. Hodgson (Clerk); Charles Wright (Miller); Edward Buxton (Attorney); Edward Moore (Baker); George Holman (Butcher); William Moore (Clerk); Thomas Keating (Tanner); William Barrett (Tanner); Isaac Rider (Farmer); John Putnam (Lime Burner); James Hancock (Butcher); Stephen Bovyer (Farmer); Thomas Snelgrove (Joiner); Theopolis Chappell (surveyor of Lumber); John M'Donald (Saddler); Richard Smith (Joiner); Charles Blatch (Carpenter); John Norton (Farmer); Stephen M'Callum (Shipwright); William Nankivel (Joiner); James Howatt (Miller); Passengers: James Gardiner; Thomas Poole; Edmund White. This information from records in PAPEI; Dave Hunter and The Island Register: Source Code and Graphics© 1997 Last Updated: 03/22/97 21:51 Source See also 1850 Another siting of a ship called the Fanny, listed as weighing 400 tons, former whaler, (Hope Mining Company), from Nantucket, August 17, 1849, arrived San Francisco, February 21, 1850 after 188 days at sea. (A second source cites arrival as February 17, 1850.) Bradbury, Wyman; Brock, Peter; Chase, William, 2nd mate; Congdon, Robert, 3rd mate; Morrissey, John, president; Parker, R. B. (later a prominent citizen of Stockton, CA.); Parker, Royal ; Russell, Uriah, master ;Sawyer, Benjamin C., mate; Thompson, James; Worth, George. I don’t know if this is the same ship? Source 1856 James Ellis Peake (1797-1860) built the Peake-Carvell Building, a three storey, brick, Early Commercial style building located on the corner of Queen Street and Water Street, in Charlottetown's historic commercial area. Peake came to Prince Edward Island from Plymouth, England in 1823 and quickly became a successful politician, shipbuilder, ship owner and merchant, perhaps operating in cooperation with the family business, Peake and Sons, of Plymouth. Interestingly, the building is located just down the street from the Peake Family home and close to where the Peake No.1 wharf once existed. The Peake-Carvell building was divided into three sections or apartments. Two of the apartments housed businesses owned by merchants, George Fish Crowe Lowden and Samuel A. Fowle & Company. Lowden was a tobacco and flour merchant while Fowle sold a variety of items including rope, leather, tobacco and molasses. By 1862, these merchants were replaced by the Carvell Brothers, another merchant company, who now occupied two thirds of the building. The third apartment housed the Bank of Prince Edward Island, the Island's only bank at the time. The bank would later move to its new quarters, a brick building on the corner of Great George and King Streets in 1868. James E. Peake was a member of the Board of Directors of the Bank of PEI. The Examiner newspaper of 14 September 1912 reported that the Carvell Brothers had purchased the building from the Peake estate. The firm operated from the site until 1976. Source 1860s Ralph (left) and James Peake Jr., two of the SS Prince Edward's three managing partners, strike dapper poses in this 1860s photo, taken by J. Grey at Stonehouse, Devon. Alice Bissett Collection. Source 1860 James Ellis Peake died in Plymouth and left his three sons James Jr., George and Ralph to carry on his rich legacy. His daughter Fanny was not mentioned. James Peake came to this Island from Plymouth, England in 1823. He immediately established himself as a merchant, importer, exporter, shipbuilder and a shipbroker. The Peakes built more ships than anyone else on PEI. Although most of their ships were built up the Hillsborough, a number were constructed in various bays and rivers about the Island. Peake involved himself in all aspects of the community including being a member of the Executive Council. During the early years he built his brick house on Water Street and his brick store on Queen Street. Three very important wharves were built adjacent to those properties. Their regular shipping and passenger service to England and the Boston States connected us firmly with the outside world. Peake ships, famous for their quality were most often sold in England and from there could be tracked sailing all over the world. It is in a letter to his Newfoundland agent that James confirmed his deep responsibility to his adopted land “... My task is to set an example and to encourage others to plan and build for the future in this place. Tho’ others will no doubt have more capacity, still I feel it is my place, if I may say it, to be an engine, yet moderate”. This site includes a painting of the three mast George Peake. Source 1866 James Peake Jr. (1842-1895) married Edith Haviland (1847-1931) on 30 Aug 1866 in St. Pauls Church, Church of England, Charlottetown, PEI, son of James Peake and Barbara Brecken. He was born 09 Jun 1842 in Charlottetown, PEI, and died 05 Jul 1895 in Vancouver, BC. Edith Haviland and James Peake had six children. Most did not survive in adulthood. They were baptized at St. Pauls Church, resided in Beaconsfield and are buried in St. Peter’s cemetery. There names are: i. George H. Peake (1867-), ii. James Edward Leigh Peake (1868- died of Diphtheria); iii. Edith Alice Madeline Peake (1871 died of Diphtheria); iv. Aubrey Frederick Haviland Peake (1874 died as an infant); v. Lorne Heath Peake, (1880-1903) and vi. A. Brecken Peake (1876). James Peake (1842-1895) is buried in Mountainview Cemetery, Vancouver, BC. http://www.islandregister.com/haviland1.html 1866 The Great Fire of Charlottetown http://www.city.charlottetown.pe.ca/allaire/spectra/system/mediastore/dates_of_interest.pdf 1868 March 19: The ship Fanny ex. Vortigern floundered on the east side of Discovery Island on its way to Nanaimo. http://www.telusplanet.net/public/dgarneau/B.C.8.htm 1874 Charles Leigh and Fanny (Peake) Leigh had a son Albert Edward Leigh. In that year Prince Albert congratulated Charles Leigh on the birth of his son. He asked him the child’s name. When Leigh responded that his name was Albert Edward Leigh, Prince Albert took off his tie pin and handed it to him as a gift for his namesake. Charles Leigh was with the Royal Navy travelling to the Far East. He brought back gifts including an ornate jewellery box. He was not successful in business. 1877 "Beaconsfield" was designed by W.C. Harris and built in 1877 for James Peake, shipowner and merchant. It was occupied by the William Cundall family until 1923. Beaconsfield, 2 Kent St. is now a designated historic building near the entrance to Victoria Park and the Genealogical Society of PEI works from there. 1878 (00/00/1878) Ethel Blanche from England to P.E.I. Barquentine, Known Pass. Maj. Charles Leigh and wife Fanny (Peake) Leigh. (P & P of PEI, pg. 545). Also mentioned in Nat. Archives, R5846-O-X-E, Mary C. Brehaut. “Beaconsfield was the home of my great-great-grandfather's family (Charles Leigh RN married to Fanny Peake). Across from Beaconsfield was the Bog, the home of Black Islanders in the 19th century.” 1879 Great Naval Review held at Victoria Park when Princess Louise and Marquis of Lorne, Governor General, visited. Princess Louise and the Marquis of Lorne dined with the Peake’s at Beaconsfield. Source 1888 Slavery was legally ended nationwide on May 13 by the Lei Aurea ("Golden Law") of 1888. Brazil was the last nation in the Western Hemisphere to abolish slavery. The sugar culture came to full flower in Northeastern Brazil in the 17th century?, where the plantations were furnishing most of the sugar demanded by Europe. Unsuccessful at exploiting the natives for the backbreaking labor of the cane fields and sugar refineries, European colonists imported Africans in large numbers as slaves. Dependence on a one-crop economy was lessened by the development of the mines in the interior, particularly those of Minas Gerais, where gold was discovered late in the 17th cent. Mining towns sprang up, and Ouro Prêto became in the 18th cent. a major intellectual and artistic center, boasting such artists as the sculptor Aleijadinho. The center of development began to swing south, and Rio de Janeiro, increasingly important as an export center, supplanted Salvador as the capital of Brazil in 1763. Brazil's 1877-78 Grande Seca (Great Drought) in the cotton-growing northeast, led to major turmoil, starvation, poverty and internal migration. As wealthy plantation holders rushed to sell their slaves south, popular resistance and resentment grew, inspiring numerous emancipation societies. They succeeded in banning slavery altogether in the province of Ceara by 1884. (Mike Davis, Late Victorian Holocausts, 88-90) Brazil was first settled by the Portuguese in the early 1530s on the northeastern coast and at São Vicente (near modern São Paulo); the French and Dutch created small settlements over the next century. A viceroyalty was established in 1640, and Rio de Janeiro became the capital in 1763. In 1808 Brazil became the refuge and seat of the government of John VI of Portugal when Napoleon I invaded Portugal; ultimately the Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and Algarve was proclaimed, and John ruled from Brazil (1815–21). On John's return to Portugal, Pedro I proclaimed Brazilian independence. In 1889 his successor, Pedro II, was deposed, and a constitution mandating a federal republic was adopted. In Brazil there are good harbours at Belém, Salvador, Rio de Janeiro, Santos, and Pôrto Alegre. The Northeast proper—including the states of Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe, and the northern part of Bahia—was the center of the great sugar culture that for centuries dominated Brazil. The Northeast has also contributed much to the literature and culture of Brazil. In these states the general pattern is a narrow coastal plain (formerly supporting the sugarcane plantations and now given over to diversified subtropical crops) and a semiarid interior, or sertão, subject to recurrent droughts. This region has been the object of vigorous reclamation efforts by the government. The reign of this popular emperor saw the foundation of modern Brazil. Ambitions directed toward the south were responsible for involving the country in the war (1851–52) against the Argentine dictator, Juan Manuel de Rosas, and again in the War of the Triple Alliance (1865–70) against Paraguay. Brazil drew little benefit from either; far more important were the rise of postwar discontent in the military and beginnings of the large-scale European immigration that was to make SE Brazil the economic heart of the nation. Railroads and roads were constructed, and today the region has an excellent transportation system. The plantation culture of the Northeast was already crumbling by the 1870s, and the growth of the movement to abolish slavery, spurred by such men as Antônio de Castro Alves and Joaquim Nabuco, threatened it even more. The slave trade had been abolished in 1850, and a law for gradual emancipation was passed in 1871. In 1888 while Pedro II was in Europe and his daughter Isabel was governing Brazil, slavery was completely abolished. The planters thereupon withdrew their support of the empire, enabling republican forces, aided by a military at odds with the emperor, to triumph. Source 1889-1990 Peake Bros. & Co. were listed in the first Island telephone directory. Source: 1894 Source The Destroyer participated in the war in Brazil. It sailed from New York to Bahia. The Brazilian republic was established in 1889. Jean Ellis Stewart was the daughter of Sarah and ? Stewart. I believe that Sarah was previously married to a ? Mclelland when she was very young. As a teenager she accompanied her father, a ship’s captain when he made his usual trips between Brazil and Newfoundland. Sarah’s mother died when she was young. When they arrived in Brazil she fell in love McL? He was fluent in several languages. He rowed out to her father’s boat at night and she ran away with him to get married. They lived in Brazil on an estate owned by his friends the keJames? Sarah had two little girls, Fanny and Lulu. They used to have mass in a chapel on the estate. Fanny played with the statue of the baby Jesus thinking it was a doll. Sarah’s husband returned to Halifax and was killed when his horse reared on the cobble stones. Sarah came to Charlottetown with her two little girls and a black servant. She wore a delicate shawl handmade in Brazil which Natalie Neill now owns. Their carriage was quite noticeable as they made their way from the docks to her late husband’s family home on the Prince Street, Euston-Fitzroy Block. The two little girls were brought up Catholic so when Sarah met and fell in love with ? Stewart who was Protestant, she had to choose between her children or him. She chose to marry him. Fanny and Lulu were brought up by their father’s Catholic sisters who had never married. My mother knew these women as adults. I believe my mother had one of Lulu’s oil paintings which she used to hang in our apartment on 126 King Street. I probably have this story completely confused!!! 1901 Charlottetown telephone directory online lists Albert Edward Leigh, 26 years old, Church of England, Electrician in Lot CA13 (1874-1930s?). Albert Edward Leigh married Catherine? Who was a Catholic. They had one son, Charles Leigh (1890s?-1940s?). Charles’ mother died before he was ten and her family claimed him since his father was not Catholic. Charles Leigh eventually moved to Montreal. Albert Edward Leigh married Jean Ellis Stewart. They had two children Albert Stewart Leigh (19??-1976?) and Fanny Elizabeth Leigh (1915?-1997). Jean Ellis Stewart had a sister who married x. Howatt. They lived in Moncton and had two children Jackie and Betty Lou Howatt. Betty Lou’s first husband Banks was a WWII pilot who died in combat. She was a young widow with two sons Rick and Stewart Banks who both live in Ottawa. They return to Rocky Point every summer to the cottage they inherited from Aunt Marjory Cox, RN. Aunt Marjorie worked in South Africa when she was young. Frank Cox also purchased a cottage at Rocky Point which is now owned by Sharon Elizabeth (Flynn) Neill and Robin Neill. I believe there was also a Ralph Cox who was mentally challenged? Who is Aunt? Bessie Beer and Aunt Alice? 1917 Albert Leigh and Jean (Stewart) Leigh and their two young children lived in Halifax at the time of the Explosion. They later moved back to Charlottetown. 1922 Charles Leigh residing at 275 Kent tel. # 36 was listed in the Charlottetown telephone directory. Other numbers include the Victoria Hotel - 123 Water - #1011 1930s – Albert Edward Leigh and Jean Leigh lived on Weymouth Street. Albert Leigh died of cancer in the 1930s?. Jean (Stewart) Leigh died of cancer in 1959? Stewart Leigh went to work at the Canadian National Railway as electrician like his father. He supported his mother until her death c. 1959. Fanny Elizabeth Leigh earned her Teaching Certificate from Holland College. She taught school for several years before marrying John Mathew Flynn. She bought her first car in the 1930s? She had many friends including Jack Taylor, the artist. One of her closest friends was Rattenberry who lived on Great George Street. His father, an MD, died and his mother became completely dependent on her son. Fanny Elizabeth Leigh was going to marry Rattenberry who was studying in Halifax when his father died. Fanny became concerned that Rattenberry’s mother would be overly controlling. She broke off the engagement. He was killed when his car was struck by a train. 1945 Fanny Elizabeth Leigh (1916?-1997) married John Mathew Flynn (1898-1974). They had six children. They lived at 126 King Street. Selected Webliography Memories of Long Ago, by Benjamin Bremner - Page 5 Honor to a P.E. Islander (From the Examiner of December, 1864)

1957 Widely Known: Community Saddened by Passing of J. L.

2006-12-28T11:51:07Z

One of the harsh things about life in our world is that it must end, but one of the bright spots in each man's existence is the warmth of memories that he leaves behind him. Some people of course, by reason of the mysterious alchemy within them, shine brighter than others, and leave wider ranging memories. Such a one was the late J. L. "Tip" Stone, who passed away suddenly last Friday at the Carleton Memorial Hospital, following a heart attack on Thursday. For a long while now, "Tip" has been storing up gladsome memories in others minds, and this week a lot of people in this area were getting them out and shining them up in a glow of warmth in the memory of the way he could provide pleasure for others. A lifelong resident of this community, "Tip" Stone was known by almost everybody not only through his work or his associations, but mainly by the cheerful enthusiasm with which he greeted each phase of life. An amateur entertainer who reached a professional status in his presentations, "Tip" endeared himself to thousands of adults and youngsters down through the years with his feats of magic and ventriloquism. He had the faculty of generating enthusiastic joy wherever the went and a sports event in this centre wasn't complete if "Tip" wasn't there. Mr. Stone had retired from the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1952. Deeply interested in all community affairs, he had served on the town council in 1947-48, and was an active member of the Masonic Lodge and the IOOF. He had also made far-flung contacts throughout Canada and the United States through his interest in the Circus Fans Association of America. With a keen ear for music, he had also served many years with the Woodstock band. Despite his wide ranging interests, Mr. Stone always took time to pursue one hobby that he enjoyed to the full, his garden, and his floral exhibits have won many prizes through the years in both local and railway exhibits. Besides his wife, the former Bona Florence Stokoe, he leaves to mourn, two sons --- Wentworth and David; three daughters --- Mrs. Clayton Burhoe (Marie), Mrs. Robert Carr (Anne), and Mrs. Sammie Nelson (Dorothy) of New York; two sisters --- Mrs. Rutherford MacLaughlan of Grafton and Mrs. Lawrence Dennett, of Tabor, New Jersey; one brother, Wentworth Stone, of Camagauy, Cuba. Hundreds of citizens paid final tribute to Mr. Stone at his funeral Sunday afternoon, conducted by Reverend J. C. Leadbeater at Mr. Stone's home with internment in the Methodist Cemetery. The Woodstock Band of the 89th Battery, 12th Field Regiment, was in attendance, and the pallbearers were: Coz Tompkins, Vernon Rankine, Hugh Speer, Eric Randall, Granville White and Reginald Lindsay. . . . tbc

1963 Smallville Canada

2006-12-26T18:19:22Z

On October 24, 1963 a small town newspaper the Bugle: the Voice of Western New Brunswick, carried these stories, cartoons, advertisements and commentaries. On the front page, six high school students: Norma Wort, Herve Depow, Gary Stewart, Helen Culligan, Pauline Patterson and David Burhoe were asked about activities that Woodstock Composite High School should develop. While some students talked about more sports and parties, seventeen-year old David Burhoe thought the school could use a student council so students would have a democratic say in school affairs. Another front page article described an essay contest organized by the Kindness Club. The students had been invited to offer their opinions by The Bugle, a new daily newspaper published by W. Bruce Groh with editor James (Jim) D. Morrison. A subscription cost $4.00/year. The editorial page included a quote from Heinrich Heine, "In these days we fight for ideas, and newspapers are our fortresses." Page two included a number of reprinted articles such as Christian Science Monitor's "At Last a Policy for Vietnam," New York Herald Tribune's "Czechoslovakia Falls in LIne," the Toronto Telegram News Service reminiscing of WWII moment, La Presse's "Gordon of Reality" [claiming Donald Gordon was a disciple of C. D. Howe, autocratic by temperament not just a dictator who was too conscious of his own worth, blunt in his speech, an enemy of French Canadians, contemptuous of Parliament and a spendthrift with public money.] and La Nouvelliste's "Canada and the OAS" [criticized the Canadian federal government for extending credit for wheat sales to Red China and communist European countries. We should be actively involved in providing food and assistance to Latin American countries first.] There were two editorials: one introducing the newspaper as a site for free exchange, an effort to broaden horizons and a second entitled, "Not Poor Man's Game." Morrison deplored the high cost of running federal political campaigns: Pearson spent $26,725 to get elected in Montreal while a PCP candidate paid $25, 638 and lost in an Ontario riding. In the CSM article about Vietnam the main questions was, "How long before our boys can get out of there?" Secretary McNamara and General Taylor were sure that American soldiers would be home by 1965. CSM seem to commend President John F. Kennedy on his policy statement regarding South Vietnam. Diplomatic shrugs had a lot of political capital at the time. Was the US supported the emerging democratic government of South Viet Nam President Ngo Dinh Diem or was it simply supporting the 'people of South Viet Nam' and the American project to rid the region of communism? Would the US snub the sister-in-law of President Diem as the Pope had shunned another Diem relative, an archbishop? Ottawa encouraged farmers were encouraged to consider using credit through organizations like the Farm Credit Corporation. Women's groups held separate meetings. So women journalists met to discuss the role of women in "radio, TV, Press and Magazine and creative work" discussing Harry Black and other novels and the work of Michael Francis, Micmac artist. Stanfield, the statesman was battling it out with Deifenbaker the politician for leadership of the Progressive Conservative Party. According to the comics, getting so drunk you couldn't walk drunk was considered to be hilariously funny. It was also a joke that a (wealthy) woman wearing a fur was collecting money for charity towards animals and a father was stealing money from his offspring's piggy bank as a form of taxation. In local theaters that week, Sean Connery introduced Woodstock youth and the youthful minded to the character James Bond in Dr. No in local theatres. Their parents probably preferred to listen to CBC's Bob Goulet Show playing at supper time three times a week. Mom would later hum "I'm Sitting on Top of the World." (Canadians claimed Goulet even though he lived in Hollywood.) The local Mason's hall was holding a show and dance. The Amazing hypnotist was in town and you could see his show for $1.00. But if you combed the hills around Woodstock and found a chunk of meteorite, Canada's Geological Survey would pay you $100! (Researchers were concerned with the impact of earth's environment on space craft as they returned home.) Country and western singer Patsy Cline had met an untimely death in an accident so her two newly released albums were even more sought after. The life story of Edith Piaf, the Parisian "sparrow" was told as a rags to riches romance. [After Kennedy's assassination, his regal widow Jacqueline, married Onassis who had been Piaf's partner. Piaf did not die rich and happy. She never sang again after losing him.]

Waves Algorithms

2006-12-19T19:46:33Z

Applying algorithms to ripples is as necessary in art as in science. Those applied by artists are invisible and unconscious but omnipresent. I googled for measurements to better understand M. C. Escher’s linogravure (1950) Cercles dans eau in relation to Andrew Davidhazy's photographs of the ripple effect of a drop disturbing the calm surface of a body of water. I wanted to compare the measurements for the angles at which both these images were captured. I had layered them but they were not the same at all. When professor Mikhail Nesterenko describes wave algorithms his descriptions are written in the language of mathematics, engineering physics, and computer science but it resonates like poetry:

Ontology of Nature

2006-10-26T14:58:52Z

A uniformed unsmiling, fully armed police officer pulled me over. What had I done? What was I, my young, idealistic, apolitical and therefore politically naïve self ─ doing there in a Third World country under an unstable, potentially dangerous, communist, military dictatorship? The officer leaned into the open window on the passenger side of our old Renault 4. There was a long silent pause as he decided what to do with this flushed creature whose hands were clenched on the steering wheel like a ship’s railing in a storm. He reached in and picked up the book on the front car seat and calmly asked me a question in a voice that could have been saying, “Did you know you failed to stop back there?” But that’s not what he asked. Instead, I can still hear his words even decades later. He asked me, “Do you pray?” Is this a threat? No, he was fingering the book entitled Livres de prière indicating that he too prayed and would appreciate having the book. As I drove away trembling I looked in the rear view mirror as he opened the book, then pocketed it. After I returned to my Western home and graduate studies, I could not forget this incident which repeated itself in many forms. In spite of the pervasive even dogmatic message that the logical next step in human consciousness resided in the 20th century’s western form of atheism, humanism and materialism most people  many still living in fragmented nation states that were former colonies ─ still believe that humans are spiritual beings and that some form of prayer unites us all even if it is a silent “Help!” In First Nations and Inuit communities in the Fourth World and in countless nations of the Third World a process of decolonization of the mind, soul and memory is taking place. Science is one ontological perspective, a way of studying what exists and ways of being of different kinds of things. Is religion another ontological perspective or another way of adding something to the study of what exists? Is the ontological ultimate stuff a process as Heraclites described, a ceaseless flux like fire, not a substance retaining its identity through time. The ontology of things ─ objects, substance, stuff are all one thing ─ raises questions about the world's origin or original principle arche and its nature physis. According to Richard Dawkins as he wrote in his bestseller The Selfish Gene (1976) and recently in The God Delusion, (2006) these two ways of knowing are conflicting and mutually exclusive. Ironically, it is the heated debate to which Dawkins, Pinker, Fodor, Searle, etc contribute that contributes to a more robust conversation loudly absent in most institutions of western academia. The Conflicting-Worlds model that holds that science and religion are mutually exclusive ways of knowing could be used as a methodology for arguing on both sides of the Möbius Strip or Möbius Band. Learn by disagreeing out loud. There is only a threat in textual robust conversations if one side misuses power to exclude the other. One who has a strong inherent or nurtured belief in science and/or religion need not feel threatened by examining both sides thoroughly. Given the proper forum these divergent viewpoints may actually share some common ground in terms of social justice. Those who adopt the Same-Worlds-Model, that is that science and religion are different epistemologies not different ontologies, are by reduction believers in a God who created man with the capacity and responsibility to explore logic, pure mathematics and physics. Their axiological positions may even resonate with one another. A third possibility is the Separate-Worlds-Model which separates truth into distinct but equal ontological perspectives. This is not quite like the German Romantics, such as Friedrich who believed that a heightened sensorial or sublime experience in nature was a more valid than a spiritual experience based on the Book. The Romantic form of the ontology of nature as a Book of hidden Truth excluded the possibility of Divine revelation. In the Separate-Worlds-Model both the book of Nature and the Book of Religion can enlighten us but in different ways. to be continued This is part of an experiment on using free technologies of the cyberworld. All references can be found in del.icio.us and/or Wordpress , blogspot Gather, Swicki , Flickr. Eventually there will be more on thinkfree dugg, frimr Older web sites include Carleton University my home page (1999-2005)

Adaptation: Varieties of Religious Experience

2006-10-25T20:12:15Z

I used Adobe Photoshop to layer the cover image of William James' influential publication, Varieties of Religious Experience with Michaelangelo's Creation fresco. The detail of the hand of Adam reaching out to the hand of God was chosen to illustrate James' publication. In 2002 Canadian philosopher, Charles Taylor published his book entitled Varieties of Religious Experience in which he responds to not only the ideas initiated by James but also a century of contributions to this robust conversation. As we explore issues of the Creative Commons in terms of what can legally and/or ethically be shared there is an urgency to not forget that all our intelligent conversations, visual, textual or musical, etc were and are built over centuries, each remembering another, answering back, building, deconstructing, arguing, finding resonance or dissonance but always citing the other ... Through this process, in the rapidly disappearing present we understand a little more of our communal past so that we can have a greater measure of determining the kind of future we want. In Acts of Religion (2002) an anthology on religion, Jacques Derrida raised the questions of tradition, faith and sacredness, moving towards a return of religion with its values of spirituality, community and faith. Derrida's discussions on religion are based on the notion of the Abrahamic, the original, gathering root of the three major montheistic religions also referred to as "People of the Book" as used by Mohammad, Kierkegaard, Scholem and Massignon. Derrida nudges the critical mass forward beyond Nietzsche's proclamation of the demise of religion. This is a project of deconstruction which Derrida (1982) describes as a 'seism of the truth.'